that a group of "international Jews" was striving to take over the world. On February 8, 1920, the
Illustrated Sunday Herald (published in London) ran an article by Churchill. Its title: "Zionism
Versus Bolshevism: A Struggle for the Soul of the Jewish People." At the time, Winnie was
Secretary of State for War and Air and had already been a prominent Member of Parliament.
Churchill didn't slam all Jews; rather, he painted them as a people of two extremes. "The conflict
between good and evil which proceeds unceasingly in the breast of man nowhere reaches such an
intensity as in the Jewish race. The dual nature of mankind is nowhere more strongly or more
terribly exemplified…. It would almost seem as if the gospel of Christ and the gospel of
Antichrist ware destined to originate among the same people; and that this mystic and mysterious
race had been chosen for the supreme manifestations, both of the divine and the diabolical."
He identifies three strains of political thought among the world's Jews: Nationalism, in which a
Jewish person identifies first and foremost with the country in which he or she lives. Zionism, in
j which a Jewish person wants a country specifically for Jews (Israel would be formed 28 years
after Winnie's essay). These are both honorable, says Churchill, unlike the third option — the
terrorism and atheistic communism of "International Jews." He writes:
Jews. The adherents of this sinister confederacy are mostly men reared up among the
unhappy populations of countries where Jews are persecuted on account of their race.
Most, if not all, of them have forsaken the faith of their forefathers, and divorced from
their minds all spiritual hopes of the next world. This movement among the Jews is not
new. From the days of Spartacus-Weishaupt to those of Karl Marx, and down to Trotsky
(Russia), Bela Kun (Hungary), Rosa Luxembourg (Germany), and Emma Goldman
(United States), this world-wide conspiracy for the overthrow of civilization and for the
reconstitution of society on the basis of arrested development, of envious malevolence, and
impossible equality, has been steadily growing. It played, as a modern writer, Mrs.
Webster, has so ably shown, a definitely recognizable part in the tragedy of the French
Revolution. It has been the mainspring of every subversive movement during the
Nineteenth Century; and now at last this band of extraordinary personalities from the
underworld of the great cities of Europe and America have gripped the Russian people by
the hair of their heads and have become practically the undisputed masters of that
enormous empire.
actual bringing about of the Russian Revolution, by these international and for the most
part atheistical Jews, it is certainly a very great one; it probably outweighs all others. With
the notable exception of Lenin, the majority of the leading figures are Jews. Moreover, the
principal inspiration and driving power comes from the Jewish leaders. Thus Tchitcherin,
a pure Russian, is eclipsed by his nominal subordinate Litvinoff, and the influence of
Russians like Bukharin or Lunacharski cannot be compared with the power of Trotsky, or
of Zinovieff, the Dictator of the Red Citadel (Petrograd) or of Krassin or Radek — all
Jews. In the Soviet institutions the predominance of Jews is even more astonishing. And the
prominent, if not indeed the principal, part in the system of terrorism applied by the
Extraordinary Commissions for Combating Counter-Revolution has been taken by Jews,
and in some notable cases by Jewesses. The same evil prominence was obtained by Jews in
the brief period of terror during which Bela Kun ruled in Hungary. The same phenomenon
has been presented in Germany (especially in Bavaria), so far as this madness has been
allowed to prey upon the temporary prostration of the German people. Although in all
these countries there are many non-Jews every whit as bad as the worst of the Jewish
revolutionaries, the part played by the latter in proportion to their numbers in the
population is astonishing.
question its authenticity. However, the leading Churchill bibliographer, Frederick Woods, has
pronounced the article genuine, listing it in his authoritative A Bibliography of the Works of Sir
Winston Churchill.
