I will argue that "stopping pawah" exists, albeit in certain situations with certain rounds. I enjoy shooting my 10 bore shotguns, shot a couple of green mud (sheetrock, drywall construction mud) weighing 60+ pounds a piece with 10 bore factory slug loads (1.75 ounce lead hollow rifled foster slug at 1,250fps) and the rounds managed to throw the mud pail about 2-3 feet. This means if a 30 KG midget is attacking me, yes, my 10 gauge shotgun will stop him in his tracks and even throw him backwards.
The REAL argument for stopping pawah is not that a 230 grain 45 ACP bullet doing 850 fps will stop someone, its that a Fuzzie Wuzzie bush monkey in Africa in the 1800's that is hungry and malnourished and weighed about 130 pounds would get shot by a British officer with his 8 bore blackpowder hunting shotgun with a full charge of lead, this lopsided scenario (which did occur from time to time) would produce results of a man being stopped in his tracks, or at least his charge "cut down".
Enough momentum in the heavy charge to throw him 10 feet through a plate glass window like in an American movie? No. But in reality, we don't need enough force to take someone's entire mass and stop 100% of his force, we just need enough violent, fast acting momentum to alter his running, alter his stance, enough momentum to get one part of his torso or body to react completely different than the rest of his charging body. If a 55kg man his attacking me full charge with a machete, and I hit him in the upper torso with a 2 1/4 ounce load of lead at 1,250 fps, there will be "stopping pawah" because the momentum to his upper torso backwards will send it in one direction while his legs at traveling towards me. This can cause a 'spin' effect, or known in wrestling or otherwise as a "clothesline", I don't need to stop his entire mass or momentum to get him to fall to the ground, I just need to apply enough momentum fast enough, effective enough, for him to lose balance.
The argument that stopping pawah can't exist because enough force to throw a man backwards is enough to throw the shooter backwards is like arguing no wrestler or martial artist can throw someone because picking up or shoving people requires too much strength or effort. In truth, especially in combat, people are not blocks of dead weight, they are tall, in motion, and their bodies have motion, weaknesses, and force can leverage the body.
Yes, shooting someone int he stomach with a handgun might not slow them down one bit, or inturrupt their firing back at you. But hit them with a shotgun, or a high power rifle with soft points, there is enough force to knock them off balance, to force their body enough to lose aim, enough to discombobulate them, even for a small moment, enough for him to lose his shot and you to follow up on the next one.
During the Miami Shootout, an FBI agent was shot in the wrist with a .223 from a Mini 14, described the hit "like a sledgehammer", watched a SWAT raid that went bad with the lead officer getting hit with an AR15 several times, describing the bullet that hit his hand/wrist "like a sledgehammer". Both critical hits managed to severely affect each lawman, both took them out of the fight, one at least temporarily. Sometimes effective shock can reach through to the person and affect them, here high power weaponry and shotguns can make a difference.
Think about defending yourself at close range, and let's say you aim for the head with a 9mm handgun and a 8mm Mauser rifle. Let's say in both hypotheticals you miss the skull and shoot them in the face. The 9mm might still go the spine, or you might put a hole in his face without slowing him down or hurting him too bad. Hit him with a 196 grain softpoint from the military rifle cartridge, you will stand a good chance of knocking him out through the effects of hydrostatic shock and momentum to his head and neck if you don't touch anything vital directly. Also probably tear up major blood vessels for certain, quicker bleedout in a longer fight, ect.
Shot placement is ideal, but it can't argue away the advantages of better damage, deeper peentration, better terminal performance.