This was an interesting paper. I have only one remark: the author seems to confuse the energy with its result. For example on page 55 we read:
"The 'knowledge of God' gained by observation of the energies (the movements of the forces of nature) in this letter is belief in God, or faith."
Since the movements of the forces of nature are obviously created things and Palama speaks about uncreated energies, the author concludes that the energies that cause the movements of the forces of nature are not the same as the Palamite divine uncreated energies.
This is not so. When Palama names the energies uncreated he means that the uncreated God is the source of these energies. Nothing more. For example when God causes the wind to blow, the wind, of course, is created, but the energy causing the wind to blow originates from the uncreated God, so this energy is uncreated. The activity of God is uncreated and the result of this activity, namely the wind, is created.
Because of this confusion, the author endeavors to discern carefully the usage of the word ενεργεια by the Cappadocians – when it denotes "created" energies (that is energies whose result is in the creation) and when it denotes some "higher" energies. This investigation is interesting and instructive, but unrelated to Palama. Of course, it is possible that I am wrong, but right now I can not remember even a hint for such a distinction in the works of Palama I have read. All energies have ultimately God as their source and that's what matters.
I have the feeling that the disagreement between us is not as big as it may seem because at least partially it is caused by different usage of the terms. Unfortunately, what exactly causes the disagreement evades me. I want a simple sentence that formulates clearly this disagreement but I don't have one. Below I will continue to "attack" you. But please notice that what I am attacking here is only your words and not your way of thinking. The goal of my "attack" is not to persuade you but only to show you my way of thinking. If you decide to reply to my "attack", I will consider your "attack" as your attempt to show me your way of thinking. So feel free to do so.
The essence of God can not be an adequate object of our thoughts. At the very moment we try to make the essence of God an object of our thinking, what we have in fact in our mind as an object is not the essence of God but His energy. This is the meaning of the citation of Palama in .
The citation we are discussing now says: "The human soul endeavors by multiple notions to attain the ineffable nature" This doesn't mean the soul succeeds in having notions about the ineffable nature. What the soul has are notions about the activities of the divine nature.
The object of our thoughts are the activities(energies) of (the essence of) God. The citations say this clearly. Are these activities related to the essence? Yes, they are, just as the brightness of the sun is related to the sun (if I may use your example). The brightness is an activity of the sun and by knowing this activity we know the sun even if we don't know the nature of the sun.
????
Meaning that the essence of God is not a subject of our knowledge, or else we would have had divided the subject, i.e. the essence of God.
Which as Cappadocians time and time point out exist only in relation to Creature, not in God himself.
The source is in God, the result is in the Creation.
God is truly knowable in his activities. If you want to call these activities "activities of his essence" I won't object.
One of the hesychastic practices is to use the prayer position of prophet Elijah (1 Kings 18:42). Yes, this is a Jewish practice.