As most of the world condemned last week’s mass shooting in New Zealand, a contrary story line emerged on Zig Forums, the online message board where the alleged shooter had announced the attack and urged others to continue the slaughter. “Who should i kill?” one anonymous poster wrote. "I have never been this happy,” wrote another. “I am ready. I want to fight.”
To experts in online extremism, the performance echoed another brand of terrorism — that carried out by Islamist militants who have long used the Web to mobilize followers and incite violence. Their tone, tactics and propaganda were eerily similar. The biggest difference was their ambitions: a white-supremacist uprising, instead of a Muslim caliphate.
As Facebook, YouTube and other tech companies raced to contain the sounds and images of the gruesome shooting, Zig Forums helped it thrive, providing a no-holds-barred forum that further propelled the extremism and encouraged new attacks.
The persistence of the talk of violence on Zig Forums has led some experts to call for tougher actions by the world’s governments, with some saying the site increasingly looks like the jihadi forums organized by the Islamic State and al-Qaeda — masters in flexing the Web’s power to spread their ideologies and recruit new terrorists. Critics of Zig Forums argue that the site, and others like it, may warrant a similar governmental response: close monitoring and, when talk turns to violence, law-enforcement investigation and intervention.
The owner and administrators of Zig Forums, which is registered as a property of the Nevada-based company N.T. Technology, did not respond to multiple requests for comment through email addresses listed for the site, as well as a request placed through a founder of the site, who said he remains in touch with Jim Watkins, an American who is based in the Philippines and owns the company.
But the brazenness of the threats of racist and anti-Muslim violence posted on Zig Forums poses a striking new challenge to a foundational idea of the Internet: that in all but the most extreme cases, such as child pornography, those hosting sites are not legally or morally responsible for the content others upload to them.
Telecommunications companies in Australia and New Zealand already have taken the rare step of blocking Internet access to Zig Forums and some other sites. Public pressure is building as well on other companies, including some based in the United States, that provide the technical infrastructure for sites that espouse violence against Muslims, African Americans and Jews.
“This is terrorism. It’s no different than what we see from ISIS,” said Joel Finkelstein, executive director of the Network Contagion Research Institute, which, in partnership with the Anti-Defamation League, studies how hateful ideas spread online. “The platforms are responsible if they are organizing and propagating terror.”
A crackdown would mark an extraordinary step in confronting online extremism. Terrorism experts say U.S. law enforcement and intelligence agencies have been reluctant to treat white supremacists and right-wing groups as terrorist organizations because they typically include Americans among their ranks, creating complex legal and political issues. It’s a thorny issue for tech companies, too: Platforms such as Facebook and Twitter blocked white-supremacist content after the Charlottesville riots in 2017, a watershed moment that sparked a debate about censorship.
Some are also skeptical that any effort to suppress such activity online would be successful, because the Web’s decentralized nature makes targeted takedowns difficult and allows hate groups to quickly retreat underground.
[Fewer than 200 people watched the New Zealand massacre live. A hateful group helped it reach millions]
The increasingly hateful tone of Zig Forums has become a cautionary tale for how corners of the Web can be radicalized. Launched in 2013, the site grew out of an exodus from the lightly moderated message board 4chan and quickly gained an audience as a cauldron for the extreme content few other sites are willing to support. The past week has marked a new low.
“I’d never seen the whole board so happy about what had just happened. Fifty people are dead, and they’re in total ecstasy,” said Zig Forums’s founder, Fredrick Brennan, who said he stepped down as an administrator in 2016 and stopped working with the site’s ownership in December.