So, I posted something similar on reddit, but I want to pool as many ideas on this topic as possible. If we refer to Romans 13, we get a simple rubric for legitimate princes that we should pay tribute to. However, if a prince does not follow this rubric, then they cease to be a legitimate authority, and it seems as though we are not supposed to support such a government. A legitimate prince can even be rapidly narrowed with one verse:
Romans 13:3 — "For princes are not a terror to the good work, but to the evil. Wilt thou then not be afraid of the power? Do that which is good: and thou shalt have praise from the same."
So if a prince is a terror to good works, then they are not actual princes, and therefore, have no legitimate authority from God to govern us. Here is where it gets a bit complicated. In Luke 23:2, we are told of the claims against Christ by the Jews: "And they began to accuse him, saying: We have found this man perverting our nation, and forbidding to give tribute to Caesar, and saying that he is Christ the king." This is a triad of accusations that is unique to the Gospel of Luke, and it is strange to find because at least two of the accusations are true. It is true that Christ perverted the nation of Rome from its pagan ways, and it is also true that Christ is our King. So I am left thinking why it also would not be true that they found Jesus forbidding them to give tribute to Caesar.
The concept of the morality of paying income tax to illegitimate princes is made even less clear with Matthew 22:21-22, which is when the Pharisees and Herodians entreat Jesus to hear whether it is lawful to pay tribute to Caesar or not: "They say to him: Caesar's. Then he saith to them: Render therefore to Caesar the things that are Caesar's; and to God, the things that are God's. And hearing this they wondered, and leaving him, went their ways." Why would the Pharisees and Herodians "wonder" at this statement if it should be a clear proof of paying taxes to Caesar? Furthermore, if the Pharisees took this as proof that you should pay income tax, then they would have accused Jesus of idolatry immediately. Jews were not supposed to pay tribute with coins bearing graven images back then. They wouldn't "wonder" and then walk away.
So now we come to modern day income taxation and our governments. I will use the US government for simplicity. If Jesus were to see us paying into a government that spills the innocent blood of babies through subsidies to Planned Parenthood, would He command us to just "render to Caesar"? Or would He call our government illegitimate and forbid us to pay tribute, as is outlined in Luke 23:2?
About two of the four sins that cry to heaven for justice are rendered by the US government through tax payments. Government-sanctioned sodomy through legalized same-sex marriage, and the spilling of the blood of innocents through abortion. I am not sure if our government defrauds labourers, or if it oppresses populations through slavery and marginalization. Anyway, I want some thoughts from you guys on the morality of income taxation in our modern environment.